时间:2018-11-28 来源:中国教育在线 作者:佚名
内容提要
代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词,它们在句子中承担不同的功用。
人称代词
一、主格人称代词有I,we,you,he,she,they,it,主格人称代词就是在句中充当主语和表语的代词。
二、宾格人称代词有me,us,you,him,her,them,it,宾格人称代词即在句中充当宾语(含介词宾语)的代词。
三、同步练习
1)Archibald Motley's artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.
2)Legends often contain an element [A] of fact,but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.
3)Unlike [A] road vehicles,Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.
4)Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.
5)Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton,but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces,hands [D] ,and shoulders?
四、例题解析
1)C错。him是宾格,而此处却需要作主语的人称代词,故应将him改为主格he。
2)C错。 改为they are。C处代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。
3)D错。them也是宾格,应改用主格they,作定语从句中的主语,谓语为travel。
4)A错。改为me。
5)A错。改为宾格us,因为前面是介词of,us作其宾语,故用宾格。
物主代词
一、表示人的物主代词用my,our,your,his,her和their,指无生命的东西用its(但指国家时一般用she或her),它们在句中作定语
二、名词型物主代词能作表语(It's theirs)、主语(Mine is there)、宾语(I don't like hers),与of连用可以作定语(the food of theirs)。
三、同步练习
1)A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.
2)Crude rubber is an [A] elastic(有弹性的)solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index(折射率)of 1.591,though it [B] composition varies with different latexes(橡浆)as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.
3)Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.
四、例题解析
1)A错。改为his.
2)B错。改为its.
3)D错。改为their.
反身代词
一、反身代词有myself,ourselves,yourselves,himself,herself,themselves,itself.主语与宾语为同一人或物时,要用反身代词(否则就不能用反身代词),反身代词也可放在名词或代词(主格)后面(也可放在句尾)起强调作用。
1)All [A] the scouts(童子军)got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.
2)Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.
3)Benjamin Banneker's aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.
4)The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.
5)Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland,Ohio,the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.
6)Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration,the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.
7)When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister,he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .
二、例题解析
1)B错。改为themselves.
2)B错。B处明显指代animals,而它前面的主语that却指代shells,也就是说“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主语与宾语不是同一物,故不能用反身代词,应改为宾格them。
3)C错。本句的主语为aptitude,而非Benjamin Banneker(在这里它作aptitude的定语),而C处的代词却指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”,由于主语与宾语并非指同一人,故不能用反身代词,应改用宾格him。
4)D错。改为to him.动词“presented”的(逻辑)主语是“evidence”,而不是A处的“he,”所以D“himself”处与C处“presented”的主语“evidence”不一致,所以不能用反身代词。
5)B错。改为him.同上。
6)A错。此处的them指主语plants,rid是及物动词,由于主语与宾语指同一物,故应使用反身代词themselves。
7)D错。 改为for himself。